Piling pipe is formed by the surface layer of very thin and strong stability of fine chromium-rich oxide film (protective film), to prevent the continued infiltration of oxygen atoms, to oxidation, and access to anti-corrosion ability. If there is some reason, this film was the constant destruction, air or liquid oxygen or metal atoms will continue to penetrate the iron atom out from the constant analysis of the formation of loose iron oxide, metal surface corrosion will be constantly. This surface film in the form of a lot of damage, more common in everyday life are summarized as follows:
1 Piling pipe surface deposit product with other metals containing dust particles or heterogeneous metal fixtures in the humid air, and stainless steel fixtures between the condensate, the two together into a micro-battery, causing the electric chemical reactions, protective film is damaged, call it that electrochemical corrosion.
2 Piling pipe surface adhesion organic juice (such as vegetables, soup, sputum, etc.), oxygen in the water case, constitutes organic acids, organic acids long is the corrosion of metal surfaces.
3 Piling pipe surface adhesion with acid, alkali, salts (such as a wall decoration lye, lime splash), causing localized corrosion.
4 In a polluted air (which contain a large number of sulfide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide atmosphere), the case of condensed water to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid solution point, cause chemical corrosion.
Tuesday, July 2, 2013
The birth of intelligent oil pipeline
With the increasingly rich variety of telecommunications services, network operators are facing increasing pressure, the pressure of traffic on the one hand, users of P2P applications from the public to provide the HTTP Video ICP applications, are consumed in a large number of operators network resources, and operators can not benefit from it, accompanied by the operators in the industry chain and marginalization continue to be the oil pipeline;. On the other hand, many commercial users a higher SLA requirements, the business-class upgrade from the original to the application level, network operators ability to present difficult to deal with.
It is in this growing challenge, the above situation makes the operators begin to consider how to dig the pipeline value, rather than the traditional, extensive bandwidth management, which is the operator's "smart pipe" power lies, thus, the "smart pipe" concept operational and health, and has been recognized by operators. Sales from the bandwidths of the changes to the intelligent pipe, inspection equipment, first thing to do is not the ability, not outline a vision of end to end, but a deep understanding of the connotation of intelligence pipeline. The word is not an accurate grasp of the smart, you can not have a purpose, a logical implementation of the transition to the intelligent pipe. Interpretation of intelligence, the most direct way is to start from the analysis of their own.
As intelligent beings, human intelligence is reflected in several aspects: First, the ability to learn, this basic capability allows us to continue to get other new capabilities, but also allows us to continue to respond to the new environment and thus the evolution and progress; and we were able to learn the way new knowledge is dependent on vision, hearing, smell and touch capabilities, which is the second ability - the ability to distinguish; Next, the intake of information already, we also have to analyze, collate and present, and presentation skills; Finally, in the brain of control, we will be thinking into action, it is implementation capacity. Intelligent pipe process, in fact, the ability of telecommunications networks is the process: the ability to distinguish, learning ability, analytical ability and implementation capacity.
Smart Pipe is a long, covering many areas of the subject. Technology is only one aspect, but also study how to use the pipeline to achieve intelligent business model transformation and other issues. In these respects, Shanghai Bell have a unique advantage: in Shanghai DemoCenter Alcatel-Lucent is the world's largest demonstration center, provides operators with an open platform for device / service verification, joint testing, in addition, we take full advantage of Alcatel Lang's global information resources and experience: IPTC (IP Transformation Center) is Alcatel-Lucent Research groups focus on IP transformation operators in the various issues facing the organization, including project consulting, transformation roadmap planning, hierarchical implementation, technical verification, has been involved so far include BT 21CN, Telstra Titan, including a number of major IP transformation projects.
It is in this growing challenge, the above situation makes the operators begin to consider how to dig the pipeline value, rather than the traditional, extensive bandwidth management, which is the operator's "smart pipe" power lies, thus, the "smart pipe" concept operational and health, and has been recognized by operators. Sales from the bandwidths of the changes to the intelligent pipe, inspection equipment, first thing to do is not the ability, not outline a vision of end to end, but a deep understanding of the connotation of intelligence pipeline. The word is not an accurate grasp of the smart, you can not have a purpose, a logical implementation of the transition to the intelligent pipe. Interpretation of intelligence, the most direct way is to start from the analysis of their own.
As intelligent beings, human intelligence is reflected in several aspects: First, the ability to learn, this basic capability allows us to continue to get other new capabilities, but also allows us to continue to respond to the new environment and thus the evolution and progress; and we were able to learn the way new knowledge is dependent on vision, hearing, smell and touch capabilities, which is the second ability - the ability to distinguish; Next, the intake of information already, we also have to analyze, collate and present, and presentation skills; Finally, in the brain of control, we will be thinking into action, it is implementation capacity. Intelligent pipe process, in fact, the ability of telecommunications networks is the process: the ability to distinguish, learning ability, analytical ability and implementation capacity.
Smart Pipe is a long, covering many areas of the subject. Technology is only one aspect, but also study how to use the pipeline to achieve intelligent business model transformation and other issues. In these respects, Shanghai Bell have a unique advantage: in Shanghai DemoCenter Alcatel-Lucent is the world's largest demonstration center, provides operators with an open platform for device / service verification, joint testing, in addition, we take full advantage of Alcatel Lang's global information resources and experience: IPTC (IP Transformation Center) is Alcatel-Lucent Research groups focus on IP transformation operators in the various issues facing the organization, including project consulting, transformation roadmap planning, hierarchical implementation, technical verification, has been involved so far include BT 21CN, Telstra Titan, including a number of major IP transformation projects.
The property and manufaturing methods of bearing steel
Bearing steel is hot-rolled or cold-rolled (cold drawn) of seamless steel tubes for the manufacture of bearing rings with the general. Pipe diameter 25-180 mm, wall thickness of 3.5-20 mm, sub-normal accuracy and high precision two. Ball bearing steel is used to manufacture, steel rollers and bearing rings. Bearing in work is under great pressure and friction with, so they requested bearing steel with a high and uniform hardness and wear resistance, and high elastic limit. The chemical composition of bearing steel uniformity, non-metallic inclusions content and distribution, carbide distribution and other requirements are very strict, all steel production in the most demanding steel one.
The physical properties of bearing steel mainly to check the microstructure, decarburization, non-metallic inclusions, mainly low magnification. Under normal circumstances are hot-rolled annealed, cold-drawn annealed delivery. Delivery status should be indicated in the contract. The macrostructure of steel must be free of shrinkage, skin bubbles, white spots and micro-pores. Center porosity, generally loose no more than 1.5, not more than two segregation. Steel annealing should be uniformly distributed fine granular pearlite. Decarburization depth, non-metallic inclusions and carbides uniformity shall conform to the relevant national standards.
Package delivery to a diameter less than 20mm, 20mm more than the delivery can be bare. Of cold drawn steel should be coated anti-rust oil. Quality of goods before delivery guarantee should be attached, indicate the steel, heat number, weight, size, chemical composition, test and test results.
Production of bearing steel bearings for steel are the following (marked with that "roll" of G): chrome bearing steel such as GCr6, GCr9 (SiMn), GCrl5 (SiMn); chrome bearing steel such as GSiMnV (Re), GSiMnMoV (Re), GMnMoV (Re); carburizing bearing steel such as G20CrMo, G20Cr2Mn2Mo; high carbon chrome bearing steel such as stainless 9Cr18 (Mo) and so on.
Bearing steel smelting high quality requirements, the need for strict control of sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen content and non-metallic inclusions and carbide quantity, size and distribution, as non-metallic inclusions and carbide quantity, size and distribution of impact on the life of a great bearing steel, bearing failure is often in large inclusions or carbide produced around the micro-crack formed. Inclusion of content and oxygen content in steel is closely related to the higher oxygen content, the more the number of inclusions, the shorter life expectancy. The greater the size of inclusions and carbides, the more uneven the distribution, life is also shorter, and their size, distribution and use of smelting and refining process is closely related to the quality, now the main production of bearing steel and continuous casting process is EAF + ESR smelting process, there is a small vacuum induction + vacuum consumable double vacuum or + repeatedly vacuum consumable and other technology to improve the quality of bearing steel.
The physical properties of bearing steel mainly to check the microstructure, decarburization, non-metallic inclusions, mainly low magnification. Under normal circumstances are hot-rolled annealed, cold-drawn annealed delivery. Delivery status should be indicated in the contract. The macrostructure of steel must be free of shrinkage, skin bubbles, white spots and micro-pores. Center porosity, generally loose no more than 1.5, not more than two segregation. Steel annealing should be uniformly distributed fine granular pearlite. Decarburization depth, non-metallic inclusions and carbides uniformity shall conform to the relevant national standards.
Package delivery to a diameter less than 20mm, 20mm more than the delivery can be bare. Of cold drawn steel should be coated anti-rust oil. Quality of goods before delivery guarantee should be attached, indicate the steel, heat number, weight, size, chemical composition, test and test results.
Production of bearing steel bearings for steel are the following (marked with that "roll" of G): chrome bearing steel such as GCr6, GCr9 (SiMn), GCrl5 (SiMn); chrome bearing steel such as GSiMnV (Re), GSiMnMoV (Re), GMnMoV (Re); carburizing bearing steel such as G20CrMo, G20Cr2Mn2Mo; high carbon chrome bearing steel such as stainless 9Cr18 (Mo) and so on.
Bearing steel smelting high quality requirements, the need for strict control of sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen content and non-metallic inclusions and carbide quantity, size and distribution, as non-metallic inclusions and carbide quantity, size and distribution of impact on the life of a great bearing steel, bearing failure is often in large inclusions or carbide produced around the micro-crack formed. Inclusion of content and oxygen content in steel is closely related to the higher oxygen content, the more the number of inclusions, the shorter life expectancy. The greater the size of inclusions and carbides, the more uneven the distribution, life is also shorter, and their size, distribution and use of smelting and refining process is closely related to the quality, now the main production of bearing steel and continuous casting process is EAF + ESR smelting process, there is a small vacuum induction + vacuum consumable double vacuum or + repeatedly vacuum consumable and other technology to improve the quality of bearing steel.
Monday, July 1, 2013
Seamless steel pipe for geological drilling and oil drilling
Geological drilling and oil drilling seamless steel pipe: To explore the underground rock, underground water, oil, gas and mineral resources, the use of drilling wells. Oil, natural gas and even less from wells, geological drilling.
Oil drilling seamless steel pipe is the main drilling equipment, including core outer tube, core tube, casing, drill pipe and so on. As the drilling pipe to work deep into the depth of several kilometers formation, working conditions is extremely complex, drill pipe under tensile, compressive, bending, twisting and uneven stress such as impact loading, but also by the mud, rock wear, therefore, required pipe must have sufficient strength, hardness, wear resistance and toughness, steel pipe with "DZ" (geology Pinyin prefix) plus a representative number, said yield point of steel, used steel has DZ45 of 45MnB, 50Mn; DZ50 of 40Mn2, 40Mn2Si; DZ55 of 40Mn2Mo, 40MnVB; DZ60 of 40MnMoB, DZ65 the 27MnMoVB. Steel have to heat treatment delivery.
Oil drilling seamless steel pipe is the main drilling equipment, including core outer tube, core tube, casing, drill pipe and so on. As the drilling pipe to work deep into the depth of several kilometers formation, working conditions is extremely complex, drill pipe under tensile, compressive, bending, twisting and uneven stress such as impact loading, but also by the mud, rock wear, therefore, required pipe must have sufficient strength, hardness, wear resistance and toughness, steel pipe with "DZ" (geology Pinyin prefix) plus a representative number, said yield point of steel, used steel has DZ45 of 45MnB, 50Mn; DZ50 of 40Mn2, 40Mn2Si; DZ55 of 40Mn2Mo, 40MnVB; DZ60 of 40MnMoB, DZ65 the 27MnMoVB. Steel have to heat treatment delivery.
The standard and application of large diameter thick-walled pipe for water engineering
Steel-plastic composite pipe with hot dip galvanized steel pipe as a matrix, by melting powder coating technology in the wall (wall also required) coating made of plastics, performance. Compared with galvanized pipe, with anti-corrosion, no rust, no fouling, smooth, smooth, clean non-toxic, long life, etc. According to the test, the service life of steel-plastic composite pipe more than three times as galvanized pipe. Compared with the plastic pipe, with high mechanical strength, pressure, heat and good benefits. As the substrate is steel, so there is no embrittlement, aging. It can be widely used in water, gas, chemical production.Products such as fluid transport and heating project is the upgrading of galvanized pipe products. Since its installation and use the same traditional galvanized pipe, pipe forms are identical, and can replace the aluminum-plastic composite pipe in large diameter water transmission play a role by users, has become the most competitive oil pipeline of new products.
Coated steel in large diameter spiral welded pipe and high-frequency welded pipe made of plastic coating is on the basis of a maximum nozzle diameter 1200mm, which can be coated with polyvinyl chloride according to different needs (PVC), polyethylene (PE), epoxy resin (EPOZY) and other various properties of plastic coated Layers, good adhesion, corrosion resistance, and can be resistant to acid, alkali and other chemical corrosion, non-toxic, non-corrosion, wear, impact resistance, strong penetration, pipe surface is smooth, does not adhere to any substance that can reduce the transmission time of resistance, to improve traffic and transportation efficiency, reduce delivery pressure power loss. Solvent-free coating, no leakage of material, which does not pollute the transmission medium, in order to ensure fluid purity and health, in the range of -40 ℃ to 80 ℃ hot and cold cycles can be used interchangeably, not aging, not cracking, which can be harsh in the cold zone, etc.
Coated steel in large diameter spiral welded pipe and high-frequency welded pipe made of plastic coating is on the basis of a maximum nozzle diameter 1200mm, which can be coated with polyvinyl chloride according to different needs (PVC), polyethylene (PE), epoxy resin (EPOZY) and other various properties of plastic coated Layers, good adhesion, corrosion resistance, and can be resistant to acid, alkali and other chemical corrosion, non-toxic, non-corrosion, wear, impact resistance, strong penetration, pipe surface is smooth, does not adhere to any substance that can reduce the transmission time of resistance, to improve traffic and transportation efficiency, reduce delivery pressure power loss. Solvent-free coating, no leakage of material, which does not pollute the transmission medium, in order to ensure fluid purity and health, in the range of -40 ℃ to 80 ℃ hot and cold cycles can be used interchangeably, not aging, not cracking, which can be harsh in the cold zone, etc.
Friday, June 28, 2013
Spiral Pipe developments and trends
Spiral steel pipe manufacturing, chemical industry, construction and oil and gas electricity required for important national key project materials, especially oil thermal power construction and other industries as supporting GB spiral pipe market direct power. GB is a measure of a country can become an important symbol of steel power, is a country's comprehensive competitiveness reflected. Spiral steel pipe as one of important new material, has been listed as a national focus on the development of strategic new industries. Spiral steel pipe industry as a traditional branch, early development of spiral steel pipe is mainly to meet the required heat and oil industry, the core material, and highly professional, but the quantity demand is small, difficult to scale production resulting in low business efficiency features. However, with the upgrading of industrial structure, the downstream equipment manufacturing base material requirements for increasingly high value-added products are also increasing, spiral pipe has a broad space for development.
At present China's steel industry competitiveness compared with the international advanced level, there are still some gaps. Main features: First, the low proportion of high-end products can not meet the development needs of the national economy is still dependent on imports; Second, GB spiral steel pipe spiral steel industry and the majority of companies do not establish their own technology innovation system and mechanism, the lack of independent intellectual property rights with technology and product development capabilities. High-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, such as city gas heat pipe with spiral steel industry will be closely related to the future of the highlights spiral pipe market demand, China's equipment manufacturing industry, mainly in the core technology and components controlled by others, the development of spiral steel pipe The key is to occupy the high-end market.
The present situation, the urgent need to break the bottleneck: a, to improve product quality, promote energy conservation, pollution reduction; Second, to improve China's steel industry concentration, eliminate backward production capacity, accelerate the spiral steel pipe industry pace of technological innovation; Third, to accelerate industrial chain construction to form a complete industrial chain of steel. Aviation, and other advanced high-speed rail transportation equipment, blower equipment, metallurgical equipment, electronic equipment and so will be the highlight of the spiral steel pipe market demand, with government support efforts to increase and deepening of reform, China's steel industry will usher in spiral development.
At present China's steel industry competitiveness compared with the international advanced level, there are still some gaps. Main features: First, the low proportion of high-end products can not meet the development needs of the national economy is still dependent on imports; Second, GB spiral steel pipe spiral steel industry and the majority of companies do not establish their own technology innovation system and mechanism, the lack of independent intellectual property rights with technology and product development capabilities. High-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, such as city gas heat pipe with spiral steel industry will be closely related to the future of the highlights spiral pipe market demand, China's equipment manufacturing industry, mainly in the core technology and components controlled by others, the development of spiral steel pipe The key is to occupy the high-end market.
The present situation, the urgent need to break the bottleneck: a, to improve product quality, promote energy conservation, pollution reduction; Second, to improve China's steel industry concentration, eliminate backward production capacity, accelerate the spiral steel pipe industry pace of technological innovation; Third, to accelerate industrial chain construction to form a complete industrial chain of steel. Aviation, and other advanced high-speed rail transportation equipment, blower equipment, metallurgical equipment, electronic equipment and so will be the highlight of the spiral steel pipe market demand, with government support efforts to increase and deepening of reform, China's steel industry will usher in spiral development.
Longitudinal piling pipe fracture encountered in production
When the temperature drops below a certain temperature value, the data will be found to brittle state, the impact absorbed energy decreased, a phenomenon known as cold brittleness, high strength metallic materials low stress brittle fracture occurs in the process, far from homogeneous isotropic organize data organization have cracks, there will be inclusions, porosity and other defects, which are a material can be seen in the micro-cracks. Therefore, the design also based on the work piling pipe straight seam to select suitably cold temperature brittle transition temperature data.
Generally data are assumed to be homogeneous isotropic continuous analysis that this approach is based on the design of safe, and sometimes accidental breakage incidents. As hot-rolled tube defects such as cracks or high-precision cold drawn tube is made after the tank, cold drawn seamless when. Breakage occurs during use, almost no plastic deformation occurs, in general are brittle fracture.
Brittle fracture caused by a variety of reasons, such as: precipitates on the grain boundaries, regardless of the intensity ratio of the matrix strength strong or weak, are all causes cracks; grain boundary segregation of inclusions also cause fracture; addition, even in far less than the yield limit alternating loads can also cause fatigue fracture phenomena.
Generally data are assumed to be homogeneous isotropic continuous analysis that this approach is based on the design of safe, and sometimes accidental breakage incidents. As hot-rolled tube defects such as cracks or high-precision cold drawn tube is made after the tank, cold drawn seamless when. Breakage occurs during use, almost no plastic deformation occurs, in general are brittle fracture.
Brittle fracture caused by a variety of reasons, such as: precipitates on the grain boundaries, regardless of the intensity ratio of the matrix strength strong or weak, are all causes cracks; grain boundary segregation of inclusions also cause fracture; addition, even in far less than the yield limit alternating loads can also cause fatigue fracture phenomena.
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